Boondocking, or dry camping, means camping without water, sewer or electrical hookups. It opens up quiet public lands and scenic spots, but it also means producing and conserving your own power. Understanding batteries, solar, generators and energy use helps you stay comfortable longer.
This guide explains the basics in general terms. RV electrical systems can be dangerous. Follow manufacturer instructions and electrical codes, and hire a qualified professional for installations and modifications.
How RV Power Works
12-Volt DC System
Most RVs have a 12-volt system powered by house batteries. It runs lights, water pumps, fans, furnace blowers and some refrigerators.
120-Volt AC System
The AC system powers outlets, microwaves, air conditioners and some appliances. It runs from shore power, a generator or an inverter connected to batteries.
Converter and Inverter
- Converter: Turns AC shore or generator power into DC to charge batteries
- Inverter: Turns battery DC power into AC for outlets
Batteries
Lead-Acid Batteries
Flooded and AGM batteries are common and affordable. Manufacturers generally advise avoiding deep discharges to protect battery life.
Lithium Batteries
Lithium iron phosphate batteries are lighter and can typically use more of their capacity, but they cost more and may require compatible chargers and battery management systems.
Capacity
Battery capacity is usually listed in amp-hours. Usable capacity depends on battery type and manufacturer guidance.
Monitoring
A battery monitor shows state of charge and usage. It helps you learn how much power you use.
Solar
Panels
Roof-mounted or portable panels convert sunlight into electricity. Output varies with sun angle, weather, shade, season and panel orientation.
Charge Controllers
Charge controllers regulate solar charging. MPPT controllers are common in larger systems.
Portable vs. Roof-Mounted
Portable panels can be placed in the sun while the RV is parked in shade. Roof panels are always connected.
Generators
Built-In Generators
Many motorhomes have onboard generators. Rentals may charge per hour. See the RV rental cost guide.
Portable Generators
Inverter generators are often quieter. Never run generators inside or near openings; carbon monoxide is deadly.
Generator Etiquette
Follow quiet hours and campground rules. See campground etiquette.
Portable Power Stations
All-in-one battery and inverter units can run small devices and be recharged by solar, vehicle or shore power. They are simpler than permanent installs but limited in capacity.
Building an Energy Budget
- List devices you plan to use
- Find each device’s power draw from its label or manual
- Estimate hours of use per day
- Multiply to estimate daily use
- Compare with battery capacity and charging sources
Track your real usage with a monitor.
High-Draw Appliances
- Air conditioners
- Microwaves
- Hair dryers
- Electric heaters
- Coffee makers
These can drain batteries quickly. Many boondockers avoid them or use a generator.
Conservation Tips
- Use LED lighting
- Turn off inverter when not needed
- Charge devices while driving, if your system supports it
- Use propane appliances where safe and appropriate
- Minimize furnace use with layers and insulation
- Park for sun if using solar
Safety
- Install and test carbon monoxide detectors
- Use properly sized wiring and fuses
- Ventilate battery compartments as required
- Follow battery manufacturer guidance
- Never backfeed power without proper equipment
When to Hire a Professional
- Installing inverters, solar or lithium batteries
- Upgrading wiring
- Troubleshooting electrical issues
Questions to Ask
- What batteries does my RV have?
- Does my converter support my battery type?
- How much power do I use daily?
- Where will I camp, and how sunny is it?
Common Mistakes
- Over-discharging batteries
- Running generators near openings
- Underestimating power use
- DIY electrical work beyond skill level
- Forgetting to monitor usage
Comparison of Charging Sources
| Source | Strengths | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
| Solar | Quiet, no fuel | Weather, shade and season dependent |
| Built-in generator | Powerful, on demand | Fuel, noise, rental hour fees |
| Portable inverter generator | Flexible placement | Must be kept away from openings |
| Vehicle alternator charging | Charges while driving | Requires proper equipment |
| Portable power station | Simple, plug-and-play | Limited capacity |
A Sample Energy Worksheet
| Device | Power from label | Hours per day | Daily use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lights | From label | Your estimate | Multiply |
| Water pump | From label | Your estimate | Multiply |
| Fans | From label | Your estimate | Multiply |
| Laptop and phones | From label | Your estimate | Multiply |
| Furnace blower | From label | Your estimate | Multiply |
Add the daily total and compare it with usable battery capacity and expected charging. A battery monitor will show whether your estimates match reality.
Starting Small
New boondockers can start with a night or two near services, watch the battery monitor and learn how quickly power drops. Each trip teaches you how much capacity you really need before investing in upgrades.
A Note on Cold Weather
Batteries can behave differently in cold temperatures, and some lithium batteries should not be charged below certain temperatures without heating. Check your battery manufacturer’s guidance before winter boondocking.
Final Pre-Trip Power Check
- Batteries fully charged
- Battery monitor working
- Solar panels clean and connections secure
- Generator fuel and oil checked per manual
- Carbon monoxide detectors tested
- Spare fuses packed
Frequently Asked Questions
How long can I boondock?
It depends on power, water, tanks and supplies.
Do I need solar?
Not necessarily. Generators and portable power stations are alternatives.
Can I run an air conditioner on batteries?
Possible with large systems, but demanding.
Are lithium batteries worth it?
They offer advantages but cost more and may require compatible equipment.
Is generator use allowed everywhere?
No. Follow local rules and quiet hours.
The Bottom Line
Boondocking power comes down to batteries, charging sources and energy use. Build an energy budget, monitor usage, conserve where possible, follow safety guidance and hire professionals for installations.
Editorial note: Campervanly is independent and reader-supported. This guide is based on research into manufacturer documentation, published specifications and widely accepted best practices; we have not been paid to mention any product. If we add affiliate links in the future, they will be clearly disclosed per our Affiliate Disclosure.